Planning for Parting Lines in Injection Moulding
Improve form and functionality of moulded parts with proper prep of parting lines
Parting lines on injection-moulded parts are a popular topic for product designers. Accordingly, this tip covers the types of parting lines you may encounter on plastic and liquid silicone rubber moulded parts, and how you can properly address them.
When you are developing a 3D CAD model to be moulded, you may not spend much time thinking about where its parting line will be, but it's worth noting because the location can affect your part in several ways. On some parts, the location for the parting line is obviously right down the middle, while on more complex parts, it may not be as obvious.
Take, for example, a simple plastic cup. The outer face is formed by one mould half (A-side), while the cup's inner surface and brim will be formed by the other mould half (B-side). The parting line occurs along the outside edge of the brim of the cup. For other designs, parting lines vary with geometry. A moulded yellow flower, which was used as an art piece for children, depicts a parting line along its outer petals (see Figure 1).
Complex Shapes Present Challenges
When a design is a complex shape, determining where the parting line will be located can be more complicated. You can assume that if you send an undrafted 3D CAD model of such a part, Protolabs will determine where the parting line should be. However, in designing such a part, you might want to think about the parting line for one simple reason: Designers and moulders look at parts differently. Moulders share your interest in producing the best possible part, but the focus is on moulding it correctly, whereas designers focus on how it will function after it comes out of the mould. The location of the parting line can affect both.
First of all, the location of the parting line determines the direction of mould opening and, consequently, the direction in which features must be drafted for easy ejection. Second, it affects where any vestiges left by the mating surfaces of the mould halves will be, and potentially, how those vestiges will look. Third, parting line location can also impact the cost of mould making and the type and cost of secondary operations needed to finish the part.
The plastic toy soldier is an obvious example of a design with a challenging parting line, but the issue can come up on simpler parts as well. For example, a straightforward geometric design with radiused or rounded edges can also be problematic. The parting line has to trace the path along which a tangent to the surface is parallel to the direction of mould opening. In Figure 2, the parting line has been placed across an otherwise smooth surface. Any mismatch in mould edges will create a fairly obvious seam, so a parting line in this location would create a need for tighter tolerances and potentially increase milling costs. The increased likelihood of flash could also impact both the cosmetics and functionality of the part, potentially making assembly of finished parts more difficult. If the parting line is instead placed along a sharp edge, the seam would be camouflaged, and the undesired manufacturing, functionality, and cosmetics issues outlined above (see Figure 3) would be avoided.
Liquid Silicone Rubber Parts
Designing parts for liquid silicone rubber (LSR) moulding is similar to thermoplastic moulding, though with the LSR processes, additional preparation to prevent flash should be considered. LSR flows into the mould as a liquid and will fill into gaps as small as 0.0002 in., which can result in flash. Though parting lines on LSR parts are likely less visible, and less intrusive, they are harder to prevent. You should also make sure that parting lines on LSR are not on a sealing surface. Simplifying and minimizing parting lines on LSR parts will help you get cleaner parts as quickly as possible.
Being Aware of Parting Lines
With all injection-moulded parts, there are several ways to address parting line challenges. An awareness of the significance of the parting line is a good start. As stated earlier, parting line location is obvious and not a problem on many parts. For more complex parts, you may be able to use tools within some CAD packages to locate and evaluate split lines, or you can just upload a 3D CAD model online and we'll propose a parting line and suggest appropriate draft based on that orientation. Our software may also point out that the part cannot be made in a straight-pull mould and that design changes, side-actions, and/or pickouts may be required.
Whether you get your information from a CAD package or from Protolabs, keep in mind that the suggested parting line may not be your only option. Neither your CAD program nor our design analysis software knows how you intend to use the part. Look carefully at the suggested parting line and consider whether its location will work both cosmetically and functionally. If not, there may be other options for your existing design, or you may want to change the design to allow a more suitable parting line for your application. If you need assistance, you can always contact our Application Engineers to discuss your design at +44 (0) 1952 683047 or [email protected].